# For a test of Ho: p=0.5,the z test statistic equals -1.74. Find the p-value for Ha: p<0.5.

The question aims to find out the p-value using the given alternative hypothesis, which is a one-sided hypothesis. Therefore, the p-value will be determined for the left tail test with reference to the standard normal probability table.

When the alternative hypothesis states that a certain value for a parameter in the null hypothesis is lesser than the actual value, then left-tail tests are used.

Figure-1 : P-Value and Satistical Significance

Let’s first understand the difference between the Null and Alternative hypotheses.

Null hypothesis $H_o$ refers to no association between two parameters of the population, meaning both are the same. Alternative hypothesis $H_a$ is opposite to the null hypothesis and states that there is a difference between two parameters.

## Expert Solution:

In order to calculate the p-value, we will use the standard normal table.

According to the given information, the value of the test statistic is given as:

$z = -1.74$

Null hypothesis $H_o$ is given as:

$p = 0.5$

Alternative Hypothesis $H_a$ is given as:

$p < 0.5$

The formula for p-value is given as:

$p = P (Z < z)$

Where P is the probability:

$p = P (Z < -1.74)$

The p-value can be calculated by determining the probability less than -1.74 using the standard normal table.

Therefore, from the table p-value is given as:

$p = 0.0409$

## Alternative Solution:

For the given problem, the p-value will be determined using the standard probability table. Check against the row starting with -1.74 and column with 0.04. The answer obtained will be:

$p = P ( Z< -1.74)$

$p = 0.0409$

Therefore, the p-value for $H_a$ < 0.5 is 0.0409.

## Example:

For a test of $H_o$: $p = 0.5$, the $z$ test statistic equals 1.74. Find the p-value for

$H_a: p>0.5$.

Figure-2 : Z-Test Satistic

In this example, the value of test statistic $z$ is 1.74, therefore, it is a right tail test.

For calculating the p-value for a right tail test, the formula is given as:

$p = 1 – P ( Z > z)$

$p = 1 – P ( Z > 1.74)$

Now use the standard probability table to find the value.

The p-value is given as:

$p = 1 – 0.9591$

$p = 0.0409$

Therefore, the p-value is 0.0409.